3. Materials and Method
Fifty groundwater samples were col ected during premonsoon and postmonsoon seasons in
a grid patern at five selected zones and five samples each at northern and southern part of the
river is col ected at a distance of about 500 m, 1000 m, 1500 m, 2000 m and 2500 m from
River Noyyal in order to study the level of penetration of pol uted water into the aquifer
system (Figure.1). Samples were col ected during July 2008 (premonsoon); December 2008
(postmonsoon); July’ 2009 (premonsoon) and December 2009 (postmonsoon). Surface
water samples were col ected using Aqua trap water sampler. For col ection, preservation and
analysis of the samples, the standard methods (APHA, 1995) were fol owed. Electrical
conductivity and pH of water samples were measured in the field immediately after the
col ection of the samples using portable pH and electrical conductivity meters. Na + and K