Results
Tracheostomies were associated with all neonatal morbidities examined and with most adverse neuro-developmental outcomes. Death or NDI occurred in 83% of infants with tracheostomies and 40% of those without(OR adjusted for center 7.0, 95% CI 5.2-9.5). After adjustment for potential confounders, odds of death or NDI re-
mained higher (OR3.3,95%CI2.4-4.6),but odds of death alone were lower(OR 0.4, 95% CI 0.3-0.7) among infants with tracheostomies. Death or NDI was lower in infants who received their tracheostomies before, rather than after,120 days of life(aOR 0.5, 95% CI 0.3-0.9).