As the human population continues to grow, food production industries such as aquaculture will need to
expand as well. In order to preserve the environment and the natural resources, this expansion will
need to take place in a sustainable way. Biofloc technology is a technique of enhancing water quality in
aquaculture through balancing carbon and nitrogen in the system. The technology has recently gained at-
tention as a sustainable method to control water quality, with the added value of producing proteinaceous
feed in situ. In this review, we will discuss the beneficial effects of the technology and identify some chal-
lenges for future research.