Effective forcings Following the approach by H05, we also estimated effective
forcings (Fe). These forcings were obtained by multiplying the adjusted forcings in Table
1 of the main text (Fa) by the efficacy values reported in Table S1. In terms of Fe, the net
effect of the Donnelly Flats fire was -2.4 ± 2.3 W m-2 over the 80-year fire cycle (Table
S2), reflecting a slightly larger cooling impact of fire than what we obtained from the
total adjusted forcing (-2.3 ± 2.2 W m-2 as reported in Table 1 of the main text).