1. Introduction
The evolution of industrial firms has recently passed from a phase of strong growth to a phase of product complexification: widening the range of products in catalogues, and diversification and personalization of models.
Imagine, to clarify this statement, the simple example of a company that manufactures flow meters. Initially, the only product manufactured is a 50 mm diameter 220 V flow meter.
Rapidly, and under the constraints of the market, this enterprise will have to diversify its production by proposing a variety of diameters and other voltages. This increase in the complexity of products constitutes a certain competitive advantage when it provides real added value for the consumer. However, it also entails far more complex industrial management of manufacturing processes.
So, if the productive system is complex, the functioning principles must remain simple. Behind this complexity, we find only two major flows (material and information flows). The information flow speed is very different from the material flow speed (except if the information is moved by people). Therefore, the human activities must facilitate and accelerate the flow, eliminate wastes in the processes [1].
Classical production management techniques such as manufacturing resource planning (MRP2) manage well these flows and adapt well to a simple bill of material structure [2]. Using our example, we show this bill of material structure in Fig. 1.
1. Introduction
The evolution of industrial firms has recently passed from a phase of strong growth to a phase of product complexification: widening the range of products in catalogues, and diversification and personalization of models.
Imagine, to clarify this statement, the simple example of a company that manufactures flow meters. Initially, the only product manufactured is a 50 mm diameter 220 V flow meter.
Rapidly, and under the constraints of the market, this enterprise will have to diversify its production by proposing a variety of diameters and other voltages. This increase in the complexity of products constitutes a certain competitive advantage when it provides real added value for the consumer. However, it also entails far more complex industrial management of manufacturing processes.
So, if the productive system is complex, the functioning principles must remain simple. Behind this complexity, we find only two major flows (material and information flows). The information flow speed is very different from the material flow speed (except if the information is moved by people). Therefore, the human activities must facilitate and accelerate the flow, eliminate wastes in the processes [1].
Classical production management techniques such as manufacturing resource planning (MRP2) manage well these flows and adapt well to a simple bill of material structure [2]. Using our example, we show this bill of material structure in Fig. 1.
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