Any type of intervention (irrespective of when the intervention
is delivered i.e. antenatal or intrapartum) aimed at reducing the
risk of harm in a subsequent pregnancy following obstetric anal
sphincter injury compared with any other intervention or with
routine care, i.e. antenatal interventions; such asmassage or creams
and intrapartum interventions such as vacuum versus selective
or routine episiotomy and selective or routine episiotomy with
routine care. Different types of the same category of intervention
(antenatal or intrapartum) i.e. vacuum versus forceps and flexion
of the presenting part versus hands poised or different types of
creams.