Risk communication expert Peter Sandman, however, is careful to differentiate between “public relations” and “stakeholder relations.” For Sandman, the general public is assumed to be inattentive and credulous, while concerned stakeholders are willing to devote time to more complicated messages; yet this population is also much more likely to be skeptical.107 In Sandman’s essay “Why Are People Over-Reacting to Risk?” he suggests that audiences can respond to risk communication messages in a number of ways.