and knowledge in respect to the job they actually hold) (Chassard and Passet, 2005;
Nauze-Fichet and Tomasini, 2002). For example, Nauze-Fichet and Tomasini (2002)
assessed that “over-qualification” accounts for about 10 to 30 percent of jobs in French
firms. Overqualified employees do not have the opportunity to use their skills and
knowledge in the workplace which leads to their gradual decline. Furthermore,
overqualified workers generally experience frustration because they are neither
stimulated nor rewarded to the extent of their abilities. Both phenomena contribute to
human capital depreciation and therefore to a decline of the productivity of the firm.