Table 1. Unethical Practices
S/N Practices % Agree % Disagree
1. Despite threats of punishment in the work place, individuals still engage in corrupt practices. 74% 151 25% 52
2. Offences that merited summary dismissal are sometimes not so treated for reasons of connections and
are converted to lesser punishments.
76% 155 24% 48
3. Unethical practices are not deservedly punished because of protection from top management for such
offenders.
56% 114 44% 89
4. Protection from top is due to the fact that such top managers have interest in the gains from such
practices.
65% 131 35% 72
5. Protection from top management could be due to the relationship between the manager and the offender. 60% 122 40% 81
6. Despite contract value limiting control, individuals still spend more than the limit specified. 53% 107 47% 96
7. Military incursion into politics made governance and political, public, and private jobs to be very
unstable.
93% 188 7% 15
8. Instability in the society tends to make unethical behavior in the society to be very great. 90% 183 10% 20
9. The military rule has very high corrupting tendency on the citizenry. 90% 183 10% 20
10. The civilian rule carries with it its own corrupting tendency on the citizenry. 77% 157 23% 46
11. Often individuals are punished for corruption but sooner, the punishments are reversed and offenders are
evenly compensated.
76% 160 21% 43
12. Our various societies/communities celebrate riches and award titles, even when such riches are
unexplainable.
94% 191 6% 12
13. People are driven by their inherent greed for money. 96% 19 18% 9
14. People corruptly acquire wealth by all means to satisfy certain needs such as public status. 100% 203 0% 0
15. The glorification of sudden wealth by the society encourages the youths to desire wealth by hook or
crook.
93% 188 7% 15
16. Salaries of workers are delayed either intentionally or unintentionally and this action tends to promote
corruption.
86% 174 14% 29
17. The chief executive can award a contract without the approval of the committee set up for such
functions.
70% 142 30% 61
18. One or two members of the board can arrange to influence the award of the project to a company where
they may have interest.
82% 166 15% 37
19. The chairman can dictate the direction of the decision of a board to approve spending or award a
contract.
69% 140 31% 63
20. Members of committees sometimes agree to ignore excessive prices on a bid because of their interest of
sharing in the contract sum.
84% 171 16% 23
21. Committee members can also agree to award and share contracts among themselves at inflated prices. 60% 122 40% 81
22. Contract officers tend to leak vital information on pricing to companies where they have interest. 65% 131 35% 72
23. In presenting bids to the boards, contract officers tend to put forward bids having their interest. 72% 146 28% 57
24. Contract officers sometimes negotiate with contractors their own percentage share of the contract in
advance.
79% 161 21% 42
25. Despite having knowledge of current prices, contract officers often ignore excessive prices in the bill
due to their interest of sharing in the contract sum.
70% 140 31% 63
26. Contractors get vital information on a contract by paying various sums of money to officials of the
awarding organization.
89% 180 11% 23
27. Contractors generally inflate the prices of items in the bill in order to take care of “kick backs” to
officers of the awarding company.
92% 187 8% 16
In wanting to make excess profit, contractors indulge in the following practices:
28. Use of low quality materials. 92% 187 8% 16
29. Supply of incomplete materials. 88% 79 12% 24
30. Abandoning of projects. 63% 128 37% 74
31. Insistence on contract upward review. 56% 117 42% 86
32. Engineers/architects tend to include in their drawings, materials or structures not required in the project
due to interest in sharing in the excess cost.
56% 114 49% 88
33. Because of certain pact between the supervising team and the contractor, use of incomplete and/or low
quality materials and certain jobs not done, are ignored.
75% 152 25% 50
34. Completion certificates are sometimes issued to the contractor to enable collection of payments, even
when jobs are incomplete or sometimes abandoned.
73% 149 26% 54
35. In preparing the bill of quantities, engineers tend to inflate prices, especially when they are to supervise
the project with the intent to collude with the successful contractor.
78% 158 22% 44