The mechanical and durability properties of fly ash
concrete have been well researched and documented but a few properties like slow set and low early strength has
caused a reduced percentage of this material in concrete. Recently, new developments on incorporation of
nanoparticles in concrete in order to improve the physical and mechanical properties have been researched and most
of them have focused on using SiO2 nanoparticles [1- 4], TiO2 nanoparticles [5], nano-Fe2O3 [6], nano-Al2O3 [7, 8],
and nano CaCO3 particles [9, 10].