Conclusion The current study concludes that plants still play an im- portant role in the surveyed rural areas of the Limpopo Province. Furthermore, for sustainable plant resources utilization in these areas, various state-sponsored man- agement and conservation strategies must be combined with the use of traditional practice. This can be achieved by the establishment of community-based natural re- source management mechanisms. In this mechanism, the community members and their traditional leaders are given full control on management of their plant re- sources in communal lands, with full support from gov- ernment. For instance, government employees’ who are experts in the field of natural resource management should capacitate the community members, with relevant skills on how to manage communal lands based-natural resource; such as the sustainable methods of harvesting wild natural resource, and different strategies of natural resource management (such as domestication of some plants in home gardens, and the establishments of nature reserve for commonly used plants). Furthermore, they should educate the community members on the benefits of managing natural resource. These will, according to Moeng and Potgieter [50], enable communities to manage their environment on ecological principles and benefit economically from becoming stewards over plant bio- diversity. Damn [51] noted that community conservation activities also could lead to the re-establishment of grass roots democracy and the freedom to control their des- tinies, which would further improve the socio-economic status of communities and by that, benefit conservation.