Cockroach Anatomy and PhysiologyCoc

Cockroach Anatomy and Physiology

Cockroach Anatomy
Cockroach Anatomy
IMAGE COURTESY STOCK.XPERT
Most people can recognize cockroaches instantly. They're brown or black insects that are usually between half an inch and two inches long (12-50 millimeters), minus their long antennae. Their heads point downward, almost as if they're built for ramming. Males usually have wings, but females often don't. Those that do usually have vestigial wings -- small, undeveloped wings that often don't allow the roach to fly.

Although their reputation often sets them apart, roaches have a lot in common with other insects. Their bodies have three primary regions -- the head, the thorax and the abdomen. They have three pairs of jointed legs, one pair of antennae and a rigid exoskeleton. Roaches shed their exoskeleton, or molt, several times during their lives. After molting, most roaches are white and easily injured until a hormone called bursicon causes the exoskeleton to darken and harden. Sometimes, a roach can re-grow a lost limb when it molts and even put off molting to allow the new limb to grow.

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Why do we study bugs?
How many bug species exist?
Do female praying mantises decapitate their mates?
How many bugs do I eat every year?
Why do 17-year cicadas come out more often than every 17 years?
Roaches' heads house their eyes, antennae and mouthparts. Contrary to popular perception, their heads also house their brains. However, much of their nervous system activity takes place in nerve ganglia located throughout their bodies. This is one of the reasons why a headless roach can live for more than a week. The other is that roaches don't breathe through a nose or mouth. Instead, they draw air through spiracles, or holes in their sides. Tubes called tracheae deliver oxygen from the spiracles to organs and tissues. When a headless roach finally dies, it dies of thirst.

Although not as distinctive as the eyes of dragonflies or houseflies, cockroaches' eyes are compound and are made of photoreceptor cells called ommatidia. A hard ring called the ocular sclerite surrounds the photoreceptors. Because of this compound structure, cockroaches see the world as a mosaic.

Movable antennae, also known as antennal flagella, allow roaches to feel and smell the world around them. Although the antennae look like threads, they're really made of lots of tiny, hair-covered segments. These segments are shorter and thicker near the roach's head, and they're longer and thinner near the tips.

Roaches' mouths, like those of other insects, are significantly different from mammals' mouths. However, many mouthparts serve the same function as parts of a mammal's mouth:

The labrum and labium form lips.
Two mandibles have cutting and grinding surfaces like teeth.
Two maxillae manipulate the food while the roach chews.
The Thorax
A roach's thorax houses the attachments for three pairs of legs and, if the roach has them, two pairs of wings. Each of the three pairs of legs is named after the region of the thorax to which it attaches:

The prothoracic legs are closest to the roach's head. These are the roach's shortest legs, and they act like brakes when the roach runs. A portion of the prothorax also covers the roach's head.
The middle legs are the mesothoracic legs. They move back and forth to either speed the roach up or slow it down.
The very long metathoracic legs are the roach's back legs, and they move the roach forward. Using its metathoracic legs, a roach can move about 50 body lengths in a second. A human moving that quickly would be running about 200 miles per hour. When a roach runs this quickly, it sometimes raises up and runs on its back legs only. The force of the air it encounters keeps it upright.
Anatomy of a cockroach leg
Anatomy of a cockroach leg
These three pairs of legs have substantially different lengths and functions, but they have the same parts and move the same way. The upper portion of the leg, called the coxa, attaches the leg to the thorax. The other parts of the leg approximate parts of a human leg:

The trochanter acts like a knee and lets the roach bend its leg.
The femur and tibia resemble thigh and shin bones.
The segmented tarsus acts like an ankle and foot. The hook-like tarsus also helps roaches climb walls and walk upside down on ceilings.
Each leg moves up and down like a pogo stick and back and forth like a pendulum. The front and back legs on one side move at the same time as the middle leg on the other side. In this way, the roach can move over nearly any terrain.

When a roach is runn

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Cockroach Anatomy and PhysiologyCockroach AnatomyCockroach AnatomyIMAGE COURTESY STOCK.XPERTMost people can recognize cockroaches instantly. They're brown or black insects that are usually between half an inch and two inches long (12-50 millimeters), minus their long antennae. Their heads point downward, almost as if they're built for ramming. Males usually have wings, but females often don't. Those that do usually have vestigial wings -- small, undeveloped wings that often don't allow the roach to fly.Although their reputation often sets them apart, roaches have a lot in common with other insects. Their bodies have three primary regions -- the head, the thorax and the abdomen. They have three pairs of jointed legs, one pair of antennae and a rigid exoskeleton. Roaches shed their exoskeleton, or molt, several times during their lives. After molting, most roaches are white and easily injured until a hormone called bursicon causes the exoskeleton to darken and harden. Sometimes, a roach can re-grow a lost limb when it molts and even put off molting to allow the new limb to grow.Ads by GoogleJust Cricket FarmInsect Farm - Edible InsectsWholesale and Retail - Buy Herewww.justcricketfarm.comShoo-fly Insect SystemsSafely controlling flying insectsin barns for over 30 yearswww.shoo-fly.comFacebook® Account Sign UpFollow Trending People and Topics.Create a Facebook® Account Today!facebook.comFree Language TranslatorOne-click Translations In 50+Languages. Free- Get App!translationbuddy.comUP NEXTWhy do we study bugs?How many bug species exist?Do female praying mantises decapitate their mates?How many bugs do I eat every year?Why do 17-year cicadas come out more often than every 17 years?Roaches' heads house their eyes, antennae and mouthparts. Contrary to popular perception, their heads also house their brains. However, much of their nervous system activity takes place in nerve ganglia located throughout their bodies. This is one of the reasons why a headless roach can live for more than a week. The other is that roaches don't breathe through a nose or mouth. Instead, they draw air through spiracles, or holes in their sides. Tubes called tracheae deliver oxygen from the spiracles to organs and tissues. When a headless roach finally dies, it dies of thirst.Although not as distinctive as the eyes of dragonflies or houseflies, cockroaches' eyes are compound and are made of photoreceptor cells called ommatidia. A hard ring called the ocular sclerite surrounds the photoreceptors. Because of this compound structure, cockroaches see the world as a mosaic.Movable antennae, also known as antennal flagella, allow roaches to feel and smell the world around them. Although the antennae look like threads, they're really made of lots of tiny, hair-covered segments. These segments are shorter and thicker near the roach's head, and they're longer and thinner near the tips.Roaches' mouths, like those of other insects, are significantly different from mammals' mouths. However, many mouthparts serve the same function as parts of a mammal's mouth:The labrum and labium form lips.Two mandibles have cutting and grinding surfaces like teeth.Two maxillae manipulate the food while the roach chews.The ThoraxA roach's thorax houses the attachments for three pairs of legs and, if the roach has them, two pairs of wings. Each of the three pairs of legs is named after the region of the thorax to which it attaches:The prothoracic legs are closest to the roach's head. These are the roach's shortest legs, and they act like brakes when the roach runs. A portion of the prothorax also covers the roach's head.The middle legs are the mesothoracic legs. They move back and forth to either speed the roach up or slow it down.The very long metathoracic legs are the roach's back legs, and they move the roach forward. Using its metathoracic legs, a roach can move about 50 body lengths in a second. A human moving that quickly would be running about 200 miles per hour. When a roach runs this quickly, it sometimes raises up and runs on its back legs only. The force of the air it encounters keeps it upright.Anatomy of a cockroach legAnatomy of a cockroach legThese three pairs of legs have substantially different lengths and functions, but they have the same parts and move the same way. The upper portion of the leg, called the coxa, attaches the leg to the thorax. The other parts of the leg approximate parts of a human leg:Trochanter ทำหน้าที่เหมือนเข่า และให้โรชที่โค้งงอของขากระดูกต้นขาและกระดูกแข้งคล้ายกับกระดูกต้นขาและชินTarsus แบ่งทำหน้าที่เหมือนเป็นข้อเท้าและเท้า Tarsus เหมือนตะขอช่วยแมลงสาบปีนกำแพง และเดินคว่ำบนเพดานขาแต่ละข้างย้ายขึ้นและลง เช่น pogo stick และมาเช่นลูกตุ้ม ขาด้านหน้า และด้านในด้านหนึ่งย้ายในเวลาเดียวกันเป็นขาตรงกลางในด้านอื่น ๆ ด้วยวิธีนี้ โรชสามารถย้ายผ่านภูมิประเทศเกือบทุกเมื่อโรชที่มี runn