We hypothesized that adolescents misperceive social norms for food consumption, and aimed to test
this, and examine associations between perceived norms and dietary behaviours. School pupils (n = 264)
in the UK, aged 16–19 years, completed a questionnaire about their own attitudes to, and intake of, fruits
and vegetables, unhealthy snacks and sugar-sweetened drinks, and their perceptions of their peers’
attitudes to (injunctive norms), and intake of (descriptive norms), the same foods. Misperceptions were
calculated from differences between perceived norms and median self-reports of peer groups.
Respondents overestimated their peers’ intake of snacks by 1.8 portions a week, and sugar-sweetened
drinks by 5.2 portions, and overestimated how positive their peers’ attitudes were towards these
behaviours. They underestimated their peers’ consumption of fruits and vegetables by 3.2 portions per
week and how positive their peers’ attitudes were towards fruit and vegetables. Descriptive norms were
strongly associated with intake of fruit and vegetables, sugar-sweetened drinks, and unhealthy snacks,
explaining between 17% and 22% of the variance in consumption. There was no association between
injunctive norms and intake. Descriptive norms indicated that misperceptions of peers’ food intake were
associated with respondents’ own intake. Interventions to correct misperceptions have the potential to
improve adolescents’ diets.
We hypothesized that adolescents misperceive social norms for food consumption, and aimed to testthis, and examine associations between perceived norms and dietary behaviours. School pupils (n = 264)in the UK, aged 16–19 years, completed a questionnaire about their own attitudes to, and intake of, fruitsand vegetables, unhealthy snacks and sugar-sweetened drinks, and their perceptions of their peers’attitudes to (injunctive norms), and intake of (descriptive norms), the same foods. Misperceptions werecalculated from differences between perceived norms and median self-reports of peer groups.Respondents overestimated their peers’ intake of snacks by 1.8 portions a week, and sugar-sweeteneddrinks by 5.2 portions, and overestimated how positive their peers’ attitudes were towards thesebehaviours. They underestimated their peers’ consumption of fruits and vegetables by 3.2 portions perweek and how positive their peers’ attitudes were towards fruit and vegetables. Descriptive norms werestrongly associated with intake of fruit and vegetables, sugar-sweetened drinks, and unhealthy snacks,explaining between 17% and 22% of the variance in consumption. There was no association betweeninjunctive norms and intake. Descriptive norms indicated that misperceptions of peers’ food intake wereassociated with respondents’ own intake. Interventions to correct misperceptions have the potential toimprove adolescents’ diets.
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