Organizing component ideas into tables or spatial arrays is another method of increasing the distinctiveness of cues
Elaboration is another technique that enhances retrieval
By adding related information to the new ideas to be learned, the learner adds more cues for retrieval
The cues may be within the earner's environment, as when parts of a room are used to recall the sequence of ideas in a speech
More frequently, though, the cues are themselves retrieved from the learner's memory as words, phrases, or images