Seventy-six in-patients who had the residual subtype of schizophrenia were randomly
assigned to a treatment group or a control group. Both groups received standard
medication as prescribed by their treating physicians, but the treatment group also
received a one-month course of music therapy that included both passive listening to
music and active participation in the singing of popular songs with other patients.
Outcome was evaluated by four nurses using Chinese versions of the Scale for
Assessment ofNegative Symptomsand the in-patient version ofthe World Health
Organization's Disability Assessment Scale.