CO2 conversion and utilization is gaining significant attention
worldwide not only because CO2 has an impact on global
climate change, but CO2 also provides an important carbon
source for potential fuels and chemicals [1e3]. Most of the CO2
conversion and utilization technologies have been focused on
pure CO2 that is separated from industrial process waste
streams. However, to separate CO2 from other components in
the waste stream requires substantial energy consumption
[4,5]. Tri-reforming combines steam methane reforming, CO2
dry reforming, and methane oxidation and has been proposed
by some researchers as a promising method of reutilizing CO2,
without pre-purification [6]. Different from traditional CO2 dry
reforming, tri-reforming introduces H2O and O2 into the process,
which greatly reduces the possibility of carbon formation
on the catalyst. Carbon build-up, also known as coking,