3.9 Consider the RPC mechanism. Describe the undesirable consequences that could arise from not enforcing either the “at most once” or “exactly once” semantic. Describe possible uses for a mechanism that has neither of these guarantees.
Answer: If an RPC mechanism cannot support either the “at most once” or “at least once” semantics, then the RPC server cannot guarantee that a remote procedure will not be invoked multiple occurrences. Consider if a remote procedure were withdrawing money from a bank account on a system that did not support these semantics. It is possible that a single invocation of the remote procedure might lead to multiple withdrawals on the server. For a system to support either of these semantics generally requires the server maintain some form of client state such as the timestamp described in the text. If a system were unable to support either of these semantics, then such a system could only safely provide remote procedures that do not alter data or provide time-sensitive results. Using our bank account as an example, we certainly require “at most once” or “at least once” semantics for performing a withdrawal (or deposit!). However, an inquiry into an account balance or other account information such as name, address, etc. does not require these semantics.
3.9 Consider the RPC mechanism. Describe the undesirable consequences that could arise from not enforcing either the “at most once” or “exactly once” semantic. Describe possible uses for a mechanism that has neither of these guarantees. Answer: If an RPC mechanism cannot support either the “at most once” or “at least once” semantics, then the RPC server cannot guarantee that a remote procedure will not be invoked multiple occurrences. Consider if a remote procedure were withdrawing money from a bank account on a system that did not support these semantics. It is possible that a single invocation of the remote procedure might lead to multiple withdrawals on the server. For a system to support either of these semantics generally requires the server maintain some form of client state such as the timestamp described in the text. If a system were unable to support either of these semantics, then such a system could only safely provide remote procedures that do not alter data or provide time-sensitive results. Using our bank account as an example, we certainly require “at most once” or “at least once” semantics for performing a withdrawal (or deposit!). However, an inquiry into an account balance or other account information such as name, address, etc. does not require these semantics.
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