nerve trapping, early arthrosis, myopia, and auditive alterations [5].
Pargali and Jowkar [6] in 2010 reported that 73% of dentists complained of back and neck pain. Even though the practice of fourhanded dentistry and the use of ergonomically well-adjusted equipment are on the rise, literature reports have reported a rise in back, neck, shoulder, and arm pain, in almost 81% of dental professionals [6].
Work-related stress, tension, and awkward postural positions can add to back and neck problems for the dentist [7e11].
There is always a neutral zone of movement for every joint and muscle. Injury risks increase whenever work requires a person to perform tasks with body segments outside of his or her neutral range in a deviated posture [12].