fermen- tation efficiencies of 88.3% and 89.6% were obtained on average at dilution rates of 0.3 h−1 and 0.4 h−1, respectively, and there was only approximately 1 g/L of residual sugar in the fermented broth. Productivity increased almost linearly by increasing the dilution rate, and it reached 20.3 g/L/h and 27.4 g/L/h at dilution rates of 0.3 h−1 and 0.4 h−1, respectively.