The waste management strategy presented in the Lithuanian National Strategic Waste Management Plan (NSWMP) sets a target to minimize amounts of landfilled waste. This can be achieved either by mechanicalbiological treatment (MBT) of MSW or by incineration of MSW. However, incineration is only permissible after recyclables (such as secondary raw materials and biodegradable fractions) are separated from the MSW stream. Thus, it is important to consider various options, alternatives, or scenarios of MSW management options with respect to impact on the environment and energy systems.