Liking and congruency of sounds have been associated with
food liking and pleasantness. A study by Woods et al. (2011)
showed a positive correlation between sound liking and food
liking. Various savoury and sweet stimuli from soft and crunchy
food categories were all rated lower in terms of both liking and
taste intensity in loud compared to quiet sound conditions. Seo and
Hummel (2011) further reported that auditory stimuli that were
congruent with odour would increase the pleasantness ratings of
the odour stimulus. For example, the sound of a Christmas carol
increased the pleasantness of cinnamon odour ratings. The authors
suggested the valence of the sound could influence the valence of
the odour, regardless of the valence liking of the odour itself. The
more the participants liked the sound, the more pleasant the odour
was rated