the equivalent headway coefficient of variation CV[h] producing such an additional waiting time is derived.
For a mean headway of 10 minutes,
CV[h] is 0.410 reflecting a standard deviation of 4.10. Thus,
providing real-time information at bus stops—for example,
via VMSs—could reduce passengers’ mean perceived waiting time by an amount equivalent to that achieved through
eliminating the corresponding standard deviation in the headway