We follow Chung and Pruitt (1994) to calculate the
approximate Tobin’s q as a proxy for firm value. The
CG subindex includes Board Structure, Executive
Compensation, Ownership Structure and
Transparency Standards. Control variables include
Debt/Equity Ratio, ln(Sales), Return on Assets
(ROA), Property, Plants and Equipment (PPoE)
divided by Total Assets, and capital expenditure
(CAPEX) divided by Sales, to control leverage, firm
size, profitability, tangibility and growth, respectively.
Year dummies are set for year 2003, 2005, 2007 and
2009. Industry dummies are classified according to the
Hong Kong Standard Industrial Classification by the
Census and Statistics Department, HKSAR, for a
total of 21 industries. We use pooled OLS to estimate
our results, in order to be consistent with the following
model that we apply to test cross-model differences in
the coefficients.