Results
In total, 2264 children were included in the present study, 63.1% (n = 1429) and 36.9% (n = 835) of which were from the Munich and Wesel areas, respectively. The distributions of bone turnover markers by participant characteristics are given in Table 1. Levels of both osteocalcin and CTx were significantly higher among females, children who had reached puberty and those fasting. The season at which blood samples were collected and age of the child were also associated with serum levels of bone turnover markers. Comparisons of characteristics between the original cohort participants who were not included in this analysis and those who were included are given in the Supplemental Material, Table S1. Children who are included in this analysis tended to have parents with a higher level of education compared to those not included.