Of 55 randomized patients, 49 were included in the final analyses. Along with music listening, (i)
vital signs did not consistently change, whereas narcotic consumption tended to decrease to a similar
sedation (P = .06 vs sham-MP3); (ii) cortisol and prolactin blood concentrations decreased, whereas Adreno
Cortico Trophic Hormone (ACTH)/cortisol ratio increased (P = .02; P = .038; and P = .015 vs sham-MP3,
respectively), (iii) cortisol responders exhibited reversed associated changes in blood mehionine (MET)-
enkephalin content (P = .01).