Age. Birds typically begin producing eggs in their twentieth or twenty-first week and continue for slightly over a year. This is the best laying period and eggs tend to increase in size until the end of the egg production cycle.
Body weight. In general, optimum body weight during the laying period should be around 1.5 kg, although this varies according to breed. Underweight as well as overweight birds lay eggs at a lower rate. Proper management and the correct amount of feed are necessary in order to achieve optimum body weight.
Laying house. The laying house should be built according to local climatic conditions and the farmer’s finances. A good house protects laying birds from theft, predation, direct sunlight, rain, excessive wind, heat and cold, as well as sudden changes in temperature and excessive dust. If the climate is hot and humid, for example, the use of an open house construction will enable ventilation. The inside of the house should be arranged so that it requires minimum labour and time to care for the birds.
Lighting schedule. Egg production is stimulated by daylight; therefore, as the days grow longer production increases. In open houses, found commonly in the tropics, artificial lighting may be used to increase the laying period. When darkness falls artificial lighting can be introduced for two to three hours, which may increase egg production by 20 to 30 percent.
In closed houses, where layers are not exposed to natural light, the length of the artificial day should be increased either in one step, or in a number of steps until the artificial day reaches 16 to 17 hours, which will ensure constant and maximized egg production. Effective day length should never decrease during the laying period. An ideal artificial light schedule is shown in Figure 1.
Feed. Free-range hens will produce more meat and eggs with supplemental feed, but only if they are improved breeds or crossbreeds. The selection of local hens is done on the basis of resistance and other criteria rather than feed utilisation for production.
Fresh and clean water should always be provided, as a layer can consume up to one-quarter of a litre a day.
Age. Birds typically begin producing eggs in their twentieth or twenty-first week and continue for slightly over a year. This is the best laying period and eggs tend to increase in size until the end of the egg production cycle.Body weight. In general, optimum body weight during the laying period should be around 1.5 kg, although this varies according to breed. Underweight as well as overweight birds lay eggs at a lower rate. Proper management and the correct amount of feed are necessary in order to achieve optimum body weight.Laying house. The laying house should be built according to local climatic conditions and the farmer’s finances. A good house protects laying birds from theft, predation, direct sunlight, rain, excessive wind, heat and cold, as well as sudden changes in temperature and excessive dust. If the climate is hot and humid, for example, the use of an open house construction will enable ventilation. The inside of the house should be arranged so that it requires minimum labour and time to care for the birds.Lighting schedule. Egg production is stimulated by daylight; therefore, as the days grow longer production increases. In open houses, found commonly in the tropics, artificial lighting may be used to increase the laying period. When darkness falls artificial lighting can be introduced for two to three hours, which may increase egg production by 20 to 30 percent.ในบ้านปิด ที่ชั้นไม่สัมผัสกับแสงธรรมชาติ ความยาวของวันเทียมควรมีเพิ่ม ในขั้นตอนเดียว หรือจำนวนขั้นตอนจนกว่าวันประดิษฐ์ถึง 16-17 ชั่วโมง ซึ่งจะผลิตไข่ขยายใหญ่สุด และคง ความยาววันมีประสิทธิภาพควรไม่ลดช่วง laying กำหนดการแสงประดิษฐ์เหมาะจะแสดงในรูปที่ 1ตัวดึงข้อมูล ไก่ free-range จะผลิตเนื้อและไข่ มีอาหารเสริมเพิ่มเติม แต่เพียงจะพัฒนาสายพันธุ์หรือ crossbreeds การเลือกไก่ท้องถิ่นจะทำโดยใช้ความต้านทานและเงื่อนไขอื่น ๆ ดี กว่าอาหารจัดสรรสำหรับการผลิตน้ำ สะอาดควรเสมอให้ เป็นชั้นสามารถใช้ได้ถึงหนึ่งไตรมาสของลิตรต่อวัน
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