the analysis presented in this paper has demonstrated that a systems perspective on safety can be beneficial to the safety engineering process for lithium ion-battery systems. The five properties of lithium ion-batteries that can develop into hazards, voltage, arc flash / blast potential, fire potential, vented gas combustibility potential, and vent gas toxicity, can develop hazards and combinations of hazards that are difficult to predict or control using conventional analysis techniques. This difficulty stems from the a reliance on Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA) which poorly models the complexity of accidents in modern systems. The proposed alternative, Systems-Theoretic Accident Model and Process (STAMP), views safety as an emergent property of sociotechnical systems and has been shown to better address complexity in many high consequence industries. Based on STAMP, Systems-Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) provides a step-by-step procedure to analyze hazards which, by treating them as emergent system states, was especially effective when applied to a system with lithium-ion batteries.