We find evidence that managers generally believe that weak corporate governance is associated with higher
levels of cash holdings and lower profitability and valuations. Specifically, about 66% of responding managers
generally agree with the statement that entrenched managers are more likely to accumulate large, unused cash
stockpiles than managers of firms with strong corporate governance mechanisms (S3 7). This statement is the
most highly-ranked statement in Table II with a mean significantly different from undecided (0) at the 0.01 level.
Responding managers also agree that firms holding excess cash reserves and having weak corporate
governance will have lower profitability and valuations (S29). These views are consistent with the findings of
Dittmar et al. (2003) and Harford et al. (2008).