: Controlled trials found in PubMed, EMBASE, or CENTRAL were selected. The primary outcome was
GDM, and relevant secondary outcomes were maternal fasting blood glucose and large-for-gestational age
(LGA) or macrosomia. Data were combined in meta-analyses, and the quality of evidence for the effectiveness of
the interventions was assessed in a GRADE approach.
Results: Nineteen studies evaluating six types of interventions