Introduction to Coccina Complex
A general overview of care and behaviour
Introduction to the species
The coccina complex includes some of the smallest species of betta known. All species within this complex are red-coloured, excepting Betta persephone, Betta miniopinna and recently described Betta hendra.
Predominately found in peat swamps and blackwater environments, members of this complex do best in very soft, acidic water. The use of tannins in an aquarium setting is important in preventing fungal and bacterial infections, and also has the benefit of showing these fish off at their best. It is prudent to note, that this is perhaps the most difficult complex to successfully keep. Therefore, it is recommended only for those who have had previous experience with the keeping of wild bettas.
If conditions are met, fish from the coccina group can be long-lived and prolific. Based on my experiences, I have found that these fish tend to mature at a slower rate than splendens, but are very much capable of spawning well into their second year.
These species (particularly wild-caught stock) have a tendency to shyness when introduced into a new tank environment. Even captive bred fish can be quick to startle and so they might prove frustrating for those who prefer more outgoing stock.
Water chemistry is important. These fish tend not to be as tolerant as other species to drastic changes in conditions, and can be prone to disease if their water quality is poor. I have found species from this group tolerate only a narrow window of parameters. If kept in anything less, they do not display well and may become quite shy. Velvet can also be an issue with coccina complex species, particularly among sensitive wild-caught fish and juveniles starting to show adult colouration.
Securing the future
Due to the vulnerable and endangered status of many of these species in the wild, it is the responsibility of hobbyists to ensure their survival through captive breeding programs. Sadly, some species are now listed as 'critically endangered' by the ICUN. Their plight is not helped by the fact that some of the species (specifically Betta livida and Betta miniopinna) have become increasingly difficult to source.
The tragedy is, that many of these species are likely to become extinct in the coming years due to habitat destruction in their native homes. For example, the rare and beautiful, Betta persephone is found only in one or two locations. Therefore, it is vital that its future be secured in the tanks of hobbyists.
Recognised Species
The following are all current recognised species belonging to the coccina complex of bettas. The previously classified 'Betta palangkaraya' has now been officially described as 'Betta hendra', a member of the coccina group. There is also a possible new species known only at the moment as 'Betta sp. apiapi/sp. riau'. The species listed below with a Y next their names as species that I currently own. Those with NS next to their names are species I have coming on the next shipment from Indonesia to Australia.