DGGE of PCRamplified
16S rDNA fragments was
first used to profile community complexity of a microbial
mat and bacterial biofilms (Muyzer et al., 1993).
For this purpose bacterial genomicDNA was extracted
from natural samples, and segments of the 16S rRNA
genes were amplified in the polymerase chain reaction
(PCR; Saiki et al., 1988). This resulted in a mixture
of PCR products obtained from the different bacteria
present in the sample. The individual PCR products
were subsequently separated by DGGE. The resultwas
a pattern of bands, for which the number of bands corresponded
to the number of predominant members in
the microbial communities. To obtain more detailed
information about some of the community members,
DGGE profiles were blotted onto nylon membranes
and hybridised with a radioactivelylabelled
oligonucleotide
probe specific for sulfatereducing
bacteria
(Amann et al., 1992). In a subsequent study, Muyzer
and de Waal (1994) were able to identify community
members by sequencing of DNA eluted from excised
DGGE bands. Figure 1 gives a flow chart of the different
steps in this strategy.
DGGE of PCRamplified16S rDNA fragments wasfirst used to profile community complexity of a microbialmat and bacterial biofilms (Muyzer et al., 1993).For this purpose bacterial genomicDNA was extractedfrom natural samples, and segments of the 16S rRNAgenes were amplified in the polymerase chain reaction(PCR; Saiki et al., 1988). This resulted in a mixtureof PCR products obtained from the different bacteriapresent in the sample. The individual PCR productswere subsequently separated by DGGE. The resultwasa pattern of bands, for which the number of bands correspondedto the number of predominant members inthe microbial communities. To obtain more detailedinformation about some of the community members,DGGE profiles were blotted onto nylon membranesand hybridised with a radioactivelylabelledoligonucleotideprobe specific for sulfatereducingbacteria(Amann et al., 1992). In a subsequent study, Muyzerand de Waal (1994) were able to identify communitymembers by sequencing of DNA eluted from excisedDGGE bands. Figure 1 gives a flow chart of the differentsteps in this strategy.
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