As with our previous investigation, participants appeared to have developed accurate
conceptions of the tentativeness and empirical nature of science, the role of subjectivity and
creativity in science, and the distinction between observation and inference. Additionally, the
participants in the present study demonstrated adequate understandings of the distinction and
relationships between scientific theories and laws, and, to a lesser degree, the social and cultural
embeddedness of science. Consequently, the activities used with these two cohorts, coupled with
explicit debriefing, appear to have the potential to enhance understandings of the nature of
science consistent with national reforms