Overall, in the
H
&
T
conceptual test most of the students of
the experimental groups shifted from SNAC to SAC
(
M
¼
147.3, SD
¼
5.2) across the
H
&
T
concepts investigated,
after the completion of the four sections. The experimental
groups were found to have higher prevalence for each SAC
and lower prevalence for each SNAC across all post-tests than
the control group (see
Table 4
). The prevalence of each SNAC
and SAC of the participants of the control group was found to
be about the same at the
H
&
T
pre- and posttest, as well as at
each test before and after each of the four sections. Lastly, all
groups were found to share the same most prevalent SNAC
across all pre- and posttests. Finally, these findings indicate
that the use of PME and VME, alone or in sequential
combination, had the same effect on undergraduate students’
understanding of
H
&
T
concepts, namely, on the transition
from SNAC to SAC, as well as, on the type of conceptions
students had after the completion of each section. For the
mean frequencies and standard deviations of SAC and SNAC
conceptions in the five groups and in the five tests at the pre-
and posttest see
Table 4