1.2. Papua New Guinean communities
Papua New Guinea is one of the most underdeveloped countries in the world. It has a population of
approximately 6.9 million people, with 87% living in the rural mountainous regions, making infrastructure
transportation a difficult challenge [2]. Although the country is resource-rich, with oil, gas and minerals contributing
to the national economy, 37% of the population is in poverty [5] and political instability has resulted in a decrease in
living standards since the 1990s [6]. According to the Department of National Planning and Monitoring 2010, only
40% of the population has access to safe water [7]. Statistics from the World Health Organization [3], show that
4,900 people die per year from Water, Sanitation & Hygiene (WASH) related illnesses, which is approximately 10%
of the total deaths in PNG. Considering these deaths are preventable, it is evident that appropriate solutions for PNG
need to be developed and implemented.
Many villages in PNG use large communal
1.2. Papua New Guinean communities
Papua New Guinea is one of the most underdeveloped countries in the world. It has a population of
approximately 6.9 million people, with 87% living in the rural mountainous regions, making infrastructure
transportation a difficult challenge [2]. Although the country is resource-rich, with oil, gas and minerals contributing
to the national economy, 37% of the population is in poverty [5] and political instability has resulted in a decrease in
living standards since the 1990s [6]. According to the Department of National Planning and Monitoring 2010, only
40% of the population has access to safe water [7]. Statistics from the World Health Organization [3], show that
4,900 people die per year from Water, Sanitation & Hygiene (WASH) related illnesses, which is approximately 10%
of the total deaths in PNG. Considering these deaths are preventable, it is evident that appropriate solutions for PNG
need to be developed and implemented.
Many villages in PNG use large communal
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