The bench-scale fixed bed, cross-draft batch-mode (2.0 kg/charge) gasification system used in this study consisted of the following:
• An air compressor, a coalescing filter, a moisture removal device filled with silica gel and a pressure regulator to feed air into the system
• An electronic mass flow controller to control the air flow rate
• A 400 W in-line T-type air heating coil coupled with a multi-pass steel tubing in a Thermcraft electronically controlled furnace
• A ball valve between the reactor and the flare vent
• An insulated stainless steel reactor equipped with:
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