It was slightly shifted to a higherBE at 458.6 eV. This adds further evidence for a shift of electrondensity from the TiO2support to Pt. This kind of electronic inter-action between Pt NP catalysts and TiO2support can modify the electronic and catalytic properties of metal NPs and leads to theactivation of the dispersed metal. This is supportive for an efficientelectro-catalytic system [35,36]. The increased electron density atPt may facilitate transfer of charge density to anti-bonding orbitalsof chemisorbed oxygen thereby facilitating the O-O bond cleavageprocess during the oxygen reduction reaction.The electrode stability was evaluated by continuously recordingCVs of the Pt/TiO2/FTO electrode (120 s deposition) in N2-saturated0.5 M H2SO4. The Fig. 8a shows a series of CVs of the Pt/TiO2/FTOelectrode (120 s deposition) recorded in N2-saturated 0.5 M H2SO4at a sweep rate of 0.1 V s−1in the potential range of −0.295 V to+1.155 V. In order to clarity, only the first, 200th, 400th, 600thand