During the follow-up period, 2 patients were re-operated and both patients had poor bone quality related to rheumatoid arthritis in one patient and osteoporosis in the other patient. Therefore, in our opinion, stand-alone TM cages should not be performed in patients with poor bone quality, in patients with high risk of pseudarthrosis like diabetes mellitus, or in patients with spondylolisthesis. For biomechanical reasons, a unilateral stand-alone cage should only be inserted in a single level.
During the follow-up period, 2 patients were re-operated and both patients had poor bone quality related to rheumatoid arthritis in one patient and osteoporosis in the other patient. Therefore, in our opinion, stand-alone TM cages should not be performed in patients with poor bone quality, in patients with high risk of pseudarthrosis like diabetes mellitus, or in patients with spondylolisthesis. For biomechanical reasons, a unilateral stand-alone cage should only be inserted in a single level.
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