What Is Performance?
In the past, most organizations assessed only how well employees performed the tasks listed on a job description, but today’s less hierarchical and more service-oriented organizations require more. Researchers now recognize three major types of behavior that constitute performance at work :
1.Task performance. Performing the duties and responsibilities that con-tribute to the production of a good or service or to administrative tasks. This includes most of the tasks in a conventional job description.
2.Citizenship. Actions that contribute to the psychological environment of the organization, such as helping others when not required, supporting organizational objectives, treating co-workers with respect, making constructive suggest ions, and saying positive things about the workplace.
3.Counterproductivity. Actions that actively damage the organization. These behaviors include stealing, damaging company property, behaving aggressively toward co-workers, and taking avoidable absences.
Most managers believe good performance means doing well on the first two dimensions and avoiding the third. A person who does core job tasks very well