The major perspective we adopt in this book regards a language as a cognitive
system which is part of any normal human being’s mental or psychological
structure. An alternative to which we shall also give some attention emphasises
the social nature of language, for instance studying the relationships between
social structure and different dialects or varieties of a language.
The cognitive view has been greatly influenced over the past five decades by
the ideas of the American linguist and political commentator Noam Chomsky. The
central proposal which guides Chomsky’s approach to the study of language is
that when we assert that Tom is a speaker of English, we are ascribing to Tom a
certain mental structure. This structure is somehow represented in Tom’s brain, so
we are also implicitly saying that Tom’s brain is in a certain state. If Clare is also a
speaker of English, it is reasonable to suppose that Clare’s linguistic cognitive
system is similar to Tom’s. By contrast, Jacques, a speaker of French, has a
cognitive system which is different in important respects from those of Tom and
Clare, and different again to that of Guo, a speaker of Chinese. This proposal
raises four fundamental research questions:
The major perspective we adopt in this book regards a language as a cognitive
system which is part of any normal human being’s mental or psychological
structure. An alternative to which we shall also give some attention emphasises
the social nature of language, for instance studying the relationships between
social structure and different dialects or varieties of a language.
The cognitive view has been greatly influenced over the past five decades by
the ideas of the American linguist and political commentator Noam Chomsky. The
central proposal which guides Chomsky’s approach to the study of language is
that when we assert that Tom is a speaker of English, we are ascribing to Tom a
certain mental structure. This structure is somehow represented in Tom’s brain, so
we are also implicitly saying that Tom’s brain is in a certain state. If Clare is also a
speaker of English, it is reasonable to suppose that Clare’s linguistic cognitive
system is similar to Tom’s. By contrast, Jacques, a speaker of French, has a
cognitive system which is different in important respects from those of Tom and
Clare, and different again to that of Guo, a speaker of Chinese. This proposal
raises four fundamental research questions:
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