These contradictions are evident in relation to several aspects of Bush Administration policy. First, the architects of the War Terror articulated the end of remaking the countries of the Middle East into liberal democracies; the practice of the war has involved the violation of human rights, disregard for international law, and a failure to listen to even of traditional allies who challenged, in particular, the invasion of Iraq. Second, events that exposed the failure of intelligence, such as the attacks on 9/11 and the invasion of Iraq, contributed to the legitimation of more far-reaching intelligence. These surveillance measures and the suspension of many established civil liberties, in the context of a war of infinite duration, are in conflict with the end for which the war was fought, that is, the preservation of a way of life defined by openness and freedom.