• Dependency – reliance on foreign inputs and commonly a need to adapt technology and techniques to developing country situations
• Globalisation – powerful pressures from overseas
• Debt burden and general poverty
• Falling national incomes because of declining commodity prices
• Breakdown of traditional resource management strategies and disempowerment of people (in particular loss of access to common resources)
• Inadequate governance, leading to corruption, unrest and law-enforcement problems, and powerful special interest groups
• Often high population density and rapid demographic growth
• Rapid social change
• Limited powers with which to negotiate with and influence developed countries and world bodies
• A legacy of history – inappropriate borders, unsuitable infrastructure, legislative ‘hangovers’ from colonial days, dependency, neo-colonial pressures and so on
• Centralised bureaucracy, which may have little clear oversight or much interest in more remote areas and poor people.
• Dependency – reliance on foreign inputs and commonly a need to adapt technology and techniques to developing country situations• Globalisation – powerful pressures from overseas• Debt burden and general poverty• Falling national incomes because of declining commodity prices• Breakdown of traditional resource management strategies and disempowerment of people (in particular loss of access to common resources)• Inadequate governance, leading to corruption, unrest and law-enforcement problems, and powerful special interest groups• Often high population density and rapid demographic growth• Rapid social change• Limited powers with which to negotiate with and influence developed countries and world bodies• A legacy of history – inappropriate borders, unsuitable infrastructure, legislative ‘hangovers’ from colonial days, dependency, neo-colonial pressures and so on• Centralised bureaucracy, which may have little clear oversight or much interest in more remote areas and poor people.
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