For example, in esperanto all nouns end with an -o. All nouns can be made plural by simply adding a -j. So the word for friend is amiko, and the plural is amikoj. All adjectives end with an -a. To create the opposite meaning, a speaker simply adds mal- to the beginning of the word. So, for example, the word for big is granda, and the word for small is malgranda. The rules for verbs are equally simple, with no irregular verbs and no conjunction.