There are a number of useful models to help to guide senior nurses in leading other staff. The two most common are transformational(การเปลี่ยนแปลง) and transactional models(การแลกเปลี่ยน) (Bass, 1985; Burns, 1978). The effects of transactional leadership are short-lived, episodic and task based, with the transactional leader only intervening with negative feedback when something goes wrong. This form of leadership would have a place where there is a specific short-term directed project or piece of work to be completed. In a ward, it is more desirable to identify a leadership model that offers longevity in the relationship between senior nurses and junior colleagues. The transformational model is more complex but has a more positive effect on communication and teambuilding than the transactional model (Thyer, 2003). Transformational leadership shapes and alters the goals and values of other staff to achieve a collective purpose to benefit the nursing profession and the employing organisation. Bass (1985) found that transformational leadership factors were more highly correlated with perceived group effectiveness and job satisfaction, and contributed more to individual performance and motivation, than transactional leaders