Prosecution
Shibin was initially charged in a three-count indictment for his alleged role in the piracy of the Quest. A later superseding indictment, returned on August 17, 2011, added charges relating to the piracy of the Marida Marguerite, as well as additional charges relating to the piracy of the Quest. Counts 1 through 6, arising from the piracy *238 of the Marida Marguerite, charged the following crimes:
1. Piracy under the law of nations, in violation of 18 U.S.C. §§ 1651 and 2;
2. Conspiracy to commit hostage taking, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1203(a);
3. Hostage taking, in violation of 18 U.S.C. §§ 1203(a) and 2;
4. Conspiracy to commit violence against maritime navigation, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 2280(a)(1)(H);
5. Violence against maritime navigation, in violation of 18 U.S.C. §§ 2280(a)(1)(A) and 2; and
6. Use of a firearm during a crime of violence, in violation of 18 U.S.C. §§ 924(c) and 2.
Counts 7 through 15, arising from the piracy of the Quest, charged the following crimes:
7. Piracy under the law of nations, in violation of 18 U.S.C. §§ 1651 and 2;
8. Conspiracy to commit hostage taking, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1203(a);
9. Hostage taking, in violation of 18 U.S.C. §§ 1203(a) and 2;
10. Conspiracy to commit kidnapping, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1201(c);
11. Kidnapping, in violation of 18 U.S.C. §§ 1201(a)(2) and 2;
12. Conspiracy to commit violence against maritime navigation, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 2280(a)(1)(H);
13. Violence against maritime navigation, in violation of 18 U.S.C. §§ 2280(a)(1)(A) and 2;
14. Use of a firearm during a crime of violence, in violation of 18 U.S.C. §§ 924(c) and 2; and
15. Use of a firearm during a crime of violence, in violation of 18 U.S.C. §§ 924(c) and 2