The results obtained from optimization studies demonstrated
that mixed culture fermentation, which contained all of the microorganisms,
was required for effective bioethanol production. In
literature there are various studies related to mixed (co) culture
fermentations [29,30]. The direct fermentation of cellulosic
biomass to bioethanol has long been a desired goal. Production of
bioethanol via direct bioconversion process from palm-oil mill
effluent generated by the oil-palm industries was studied by Alam
et al. [21]. The bioethanol production was carried out with mixed
cultures such as T. harzianum, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Mucor
hiemalis and S. cerevisiae. According to their results, the mixed
culture of T.harzianum and S.cerevisiae yielded the highest bioethanol
production which was in accordance with our results. Patle
and Lal [28] reviewed some bioethanol producing strains isolated