The speed with which the new strategies delivered results indicates that the companies’ successes were not due to a major new product or service launch, major new capital investments, or even the development of new intangible or “assets. The companies were, of course, developing new product and services in both hard, tangible assets and softer, intangible assets. But they could not have benefited much in two years from such investments. To achieve the results we have just described, the companies capitalized on capabilities and assets – tangible and intangible—that existed already within their organizations. The company’s new strategies and the Balances Scorecard had unleashed the capabilities and assets that were hidden or frozen within the ole organization.