Ninety-seven percent of aborting women, in one Montreal study, reported pain,with 61% reporting moderate to severe pain. U.S. researchers admit to being "surprised," at finding most women, in a study of their own, reporting "moderate or more discomfort" during their abortions and said they had not expected so many to report "severe pain." Adolescents in the Montreal study were nearly twice as likely to report severe pain as older women. In a ranking, women put their abortion pain ahead of sprains, fractures, and arthritis, and about equal to the residual pain from an amputation. Women having drug induced abortions reported higher pain levels than those having surgical abortions. Despite efforts by the industry to minimize abortion pain, it is an important signal that patients and doctors should heed. Pain may be a side effect of surgery or the chemical abortion process, but can also be an indicator of infection, cervical damage, uterine rupture, or an unresolved ectopic pregnancy.