evidenced byin vivo14C-sucrose feeding experiments. Instingless bees, we hypothesized that the trehalulose trans-formation process is likely to be a similar enzymatic reaction tothat inB. argentifolii. As such, we undertookin vitroexperimentsto test our hypothesis utilizing dissected stingless bee body parts.The worker bee body consists of three parts, the head, thorax,and abdomen (Figure 1). Foraging worker bees collect nectarand temporarily store it in an organ called the“crop”in theirabdomen. After returning to the hive, forager bees regurgitatethe nectar and pass it to the house bees who carry the nectar intheir crop to nectar storage pots (and eventually process it tohoney).12The enzymes required for sugar hydrolysis ortransglycosylation, such as glycosidases, are secreted mainlyfrom the bee’s head,13which could be then carried into thethorax via the esophagus. For example, a sucrose hydrolysisenzyme, invertase, is produced by the hypopharyngeal gland inthe honey bee’s head and carried into the thorax via theesophagus.14Previous evidence illustrated that the invertaseactivity in stingless bee honey was much lower than that inApismelliferahoney.15,16Stingless bees and honeybees (A. mellifera)are closely related, both belonging to the corbiculate cladewithin the family Apidae,17and share a similar internal structureand are presumed to have a similar hypopharyngeal gland o