This study provides empirical support for the hypotheses based on the concept proposed and extends the traditional
country of origin effect research on country image in a number of ways. First, while country-of-origin research has
historically reported a stronger effect in favor of product quality evaluations than purchase intention, this study has delved
deeper to further distinguish cognitive CI from affective CI and discover that consumer perceptions surrounding them may
be inconsistent. Specifically, the findings confirm that although Chinese consumers have high cognitive country image views
of the U.S. and Germany, they have significantly higher affective country image perceptions of both Germany and Korea than
the U.S. and Japan