Introduction to Southeast Asia
History, Geography, and Livelihood
by Barbara Watson Andaya
Southeast Asia consists of eleven countries that reach from eastern India to China, and is generally divided into “mainland” and “island” zones. The mainland (Burma, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam) is actually an extension of the Asian continent. Muslims can be found in all mainland countries, but the most significant populations are in southern Thailand and western Burma (Arakan). The Cham people of central Vietnam and Cambodia are also Muslim.
Island or maritime Southeast Asia includes Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, the Philippines, Brunei, and the new nation of East Timor (formerly part of Indonesia). Islam is the state religion in Malaysia and Brunei. Although 85 percent of Indonesia’s population of over 234,000,000 are Muslims, a larger number than any other country in the world, Islam is not the official state religion. Muslims are a minority in Singapore and the southern Philippines.
Geography, Environment, and Cultural Zones
Virtually all of Southeast Asia lies between the tropics, and so there are similarities in climate as well as plant and animal life throughout the region. Temperatures are generally warm, although it is cooler in highland areas. Many sea and jungle products are unique to the region, and were therefore much desired by international traders in early times. For example, several small islands in eastern Indonesia were once the world’s only source of cloves, nutmeg, and mace. The entire region is affected by the monsoon winds, which blow regularly from the northwest and then reverse to blow from the southeast. These wind systems bring fairly predictable rainy seasons, and before steamships were invented, these wind systems also enabled traders from outside the region to arrive and leave at regular intervals. Because of this reliable wind pattern, Southeast Asia became a meeting place for trade between India and China, the two great markets of early Asia.
แนะนำไปยังเอเชียตะวันออกเฉียงใต้ประวัติศาสตร์ ภูมิศาสตร์ และดำรงชีวิตโดย Barbara Watson Andaya ภูมิภาคเอเชียตะวันออกเฉียงใต้ประกอบด้วย 11 ประเทศที่เข้าถึงจากอินเดียตะวันออกไปยังประเทศจีน และโดยทั่วไปแบ่งออกเป็นโซน "แผ่นดิน" และ "เกาะ" แผ่นดินใหญ่ (ประเทศพม่า ไทย ลาว กัมพูชา และเวียดนาม) มีจริงส่วนขยายของทวีปเอเชีย มุสลิมสามารถพบได้ในประเทศแผ่นดินใหญ่ทั้งหมด แต่ประชากรที่สำคัญอยู่ในภาคใต้และตะวันตกพม่า (อาระกัน) นอกจากนี้มุสลิมจามของเวียดนามและกัมพูชาได้เกาะหรือทะเลเอเชียตะวันออกเฉียงใต้รวมถึงมาเลเซีย สิงคโปร์ อินโดนีเซีย ฟิลิปปินส์ บรูไน และประเทศใหม่ของติมอร์ตะวันออก (เดิมเป็นส่วนหนึ่งของอินโดนีเซีย) อิสลามคือ ศาสนารัฐในมาเลเซียและบรูไน แม้ว่าร้อยละ 85 ของประชากรอินโดนีเซียกว่า 234,000,000 มุสลิม จำนวนมากกว่าประเทศอื่น ๆ ในโลก อิสลามไม่ใช่ศาสนาสถานะทาง มุสลิมเป็นชนกลุ่มน้อยในสิงคโปร์และตอนใต้ของฟิลิปปินส์ภูมิศาสตร์ สภาพแวดล้อม และเขตวัฒนธรรม Virtually all of Southeast Asia lies between the tropics, and so there are similarities in climate as well as plant and animal life throughout the region. Temperatures are generally warm, although it is cooler in highland areas. Many sea and jungle products are unique to the region, and were therefore much desired by international traders in early times. For example, several small islands in eastern Indonesia were once the world’s only source of cloves, nutmeg, and mace. The entire region is affected by the monsoon winds, which blow regularly from the northwest and then reverse to blow from the southeast. These wind systems bring fairly predictable rainy seasons, and before steamships were invented, these wind systems also enabled traders from outside the region to arrive and leave at regular intervals. Because of this reliable wind pattern, Southeast Asia became a meeting place for trade between India and China, the two great markets of early Asia.
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Introduction to Southeast Asia
History, Geography, and Livelihood
by Barbara Watson Andaya
Southeast Asia consists of eleven countries that reach from eastern India to China, and is generally divided into “mainland” and “island” zones. The mainland (Burma, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam) is actually an extension of the Asian continent. Muslims can be found in all mainland countries, but the most significant populations are in southern Thailand and western Burma (Arakan). The Cham people of central Vietnam and Cambodia are also Muslim.
Island or maritime Southeast Asia includes Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, the Philippines, Brunei, and the new nation of East Timor (formerly part of Indonesia). Islam is the state religion in Malaysia and Brunei. Although 85 percent of Indonesia’s population of over 234,000,000 are Muslims, a larger number than any other country in the world, Islam is not the official state religion. Muslims are a minority in Singapore and the southern Philippines.
Geography, Environment, and Cultural Zones
Virtually all of Southeast Asia lies between the tropics, and so there are similarities in climate as well as plant and animal life throughout the region. Temperatures are generally warm, although it is cooler in highland areas. Many sea and jungle products are unique to the region, and were therefore much desired by international traders in early times. For example, several small islands in eastern Indonesia were once the world’s only source of cloves, nutmeg, and mace. The entire region is affected by the monsoon winds, which blow regularly from the northwest and then reverse to blow from the southeast. These wind systems bring fairly predictable rainy seasons, and before steamships were invented, these wind systems also enabled traders from outside the region to arrive and leave at regular intervals. Because of this reliable wind pattern, Southeast Asia became a meeting place for trade between India and China, the two great markets of early Asia.
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